乌鲁木齐河水中有机悬浮物的分析

本文对乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段悬浮物中的有机物进行了分析，结果表明：冰川站、英雄桥和青年渠道采样点有机物种类达４０余种，总含量分别为１．０，１．１４和１．２ｍｇ．１＾－１，其中Ｃ２９烷烃相对含分别为７．９４％，１５．４９％和１８．４９％，邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯相对含量分别为３０．２８％，２２．２８％和３３．７５％，乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段受到程度不同的酞酸二酯的污染。     

Trace phthalate and adipate esters contaminated in packaged food

A method for trace analysis of two plasticizers, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), contaminated in packaged curry paste were investigated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Curry paste samples were extracted by ultrasonic and solid phase extraction using Florisil® cartridge. Analysis by the GC-FID system provided limits of detection for DEHA and DEHP at 12 and 25 μ g L^{? 1} and a linear dynamic range between 25 μ g L^{? 1} to 60 mg L^{? 1} with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. High recoveries were obtained, ranged from 91 to 99% and 88 to 98% for DEHP and DEHA with RSD lower than 7 and 10% respectively. The method detection limit and limits of quantitation were ranged from 27 to 30 and 90 to 100 μ g L^{? 1}. The analysis of curry paste samples showed concentrations of DEHP and DEHA in the range of 4.0 ng g^{? 1} to 0.61 μg g^{? 1}.     

Occupational exposure assessment of phthalate esters in indoor and outdoor microenvironments

Phthalate esters(PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals' endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed to various levels of PAEs. In the present study, four typical occupational groups were chosen, including doctors, college teachers, college students, and drivers who worked in public traffic system. In order to understand the exposure levels to PAEs via inhalation, air samples were collected from multiple microenvironments including indoor and outdoor in Hangzhou to measure the gas and particle concentrations of six PAEs, together with time spent in different microenvironments of these four groups. A comprehensive PAEs exposure model was built to estimate the daily PAEs exposure through inhalation, oral and dermal pathways. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that doctors were exposed to the highest level of PAEs, and consequently had the highest health risk among these four occupational groups. In contrast, college students had the lowest health risk. By setting the exposure level of staying in residences as the baseline, doctors and drivers were two occupations exposed to high PAEs health risk. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) was the largest contributor among the six phthalates, posing moderate health risk(10-5–10-6) to every occupation. For traffic microenvironments alone, the total exposure levels for different transportation modes were in the descending order of busses, cars, cabs, tubes, motor bikes, and walking.     

广东省食品中的氯丙醇酯水平及其人体暴露评估

氯丙醇酯是氯丙醇与脂肪酸反应的一类污染物,该文旨在通过评估食品中的此类污染物对不同人群进行暴露风险评估.在广东省的3个地区采集了包括油条、方便面饼和麻花在内的食品样品,用GC-MS测定了4种氯丙醇酯类化合物,其中主要为2-MCPD酯和3-MCPD酯.氯丙醇酯浓度最高的为麻花,其次为方便面饼和油条.样品中3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的浓度范围分别为n.d.~0.49 mg·kg~(-1)和n.d.~0.64 mg·kg~(-1).不同样品中2-MCPD酯的浓度均大于3-MCPD酯.对各个年龄的人群暴露评估的结果表明,3~9岁儿童的3-MCPD酯的暴露大于耐受量(TDI)0.8μg·kg-1·d-1,青年与成年组均小于每日最大耐受量(PMTDI)2μg·kg-1·d-1.本研究中的食品样本,对于儿童的暴露均存在健康风险,所以应该减少对油炸食品的摄入量以降低氯丙醇酯对儿童造成的健康风险.     

银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及健康风险评价

在宁夏银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地共采集49个表层土样,采用气相色谱质谱联用检测方法,分析了土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate esters,PAEs)化合物含量,并对其污染分布、污染特征进行了评价,同时对美国EPA和欧盟优先控制的6种PAEs进行了人体暴露的健康风险评价.结果表明,银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物(∑16PAEs)的含量范围为2.123~17.271 mg·kg~(-1),平均值和中位数分别为5.120和4.324 mg·kg~(-1).土样中DMP、DEP、Dn BP、DIBP和DEHP的检出率为100%.其中,DMP、Dn BP和DEHP是研究区土壤中PAEs污染物的主要组成部分,DMP、Dn BP和DEHP分别占∑16PAEs总量的46.03%、26.55%和10.32%,三者之和占∑16PAEs的82.79%,占美国EPA 6种优先控制污染物水平的86.16%.对人体健康风险评价表明,研究区6种优先控制化合物对人体产生的非致癌风险均1,未超过EPA推荐的非致癌水平,表明非致癌风险在可接受范围之内.对于DEHP单体,居民通过饮食途径的致癌风险为(0.779±1.370)×10-5,超过EPA推荐的致癌水平,应引起一定的重视,而BBP和DEHP其它非饮食途径的致癌风险都在可接受范围,不会对人体健康产生危害.     

改性活性炭对内分泌干扰物的吸附效能与机制

为提高活性炭对内分泌干扰物的吸附效率,分别采用混合酸溶液,氨水,KMnO₄溶液和表面活性剂溶液对活性炭进行改性.采用比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）和Boehm滴定法对改性后活性炭表面化学性质及孔隙特征的变化进行评价.通过静态吸附实验确定活性炭的最佳改性方法,并对改性后活性炭吸附机理进行探讨.实验结果表明,KMnO₄改性活性炭（AC-K）表现出最佳的污染物吸附性能,其对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、阿特拉津（Atrazine）和磺胺甲恶唑（SMZ）的去除率分别可达到94.5%、93.8%和95.5%,且吸附过程符合二级动力学方程和D-R模型.由模型计算结果可知,AC-K对目标污染物的吸附速率明显加快,其中对Atrazine的二级吸附速率常数是AC的1.75倍.AC-K对DBP、Atrazine和SMZ的理论饱和吸附量也分别比改性前分别提高了42.2%、629%和122%.经KMnO₄改性后,活性炭的吸附机制由物理吸附占主导,转化为离子交换吸附.     

黄河水体沉积物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的吸附

为探讨黄河水体沉积物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的吸附能力，用批量平衡法研究了沉积物与DMP的吸附作用。结果表明吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程，通过回归分析，分别得出20℃和15℃DMP在黄河水中的等温方程Cs=0．3488×Ceq0.7799和Cs=0．3354×Ceq0.7849。因指数项常数小于1，说明沉积物对DMP的吸附不随溶液中DMP的浓度成正比例增加。黄河水体沉积物对DMP有一定的净化能力。     

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究阎海雷志芳叶常明（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京１０００８５）关键词斜生栅藻；邻苯二甲酸二甲酯；苯胺；降解动力学邻苯二甲酸酯类是广泛使用的人工合成有机物，主要作为塑料和橡胶等化工产品的增塑剂，我国和...     

水稻土施用城市污泥盆栽通菜土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的残留

应用GC/MS联机检测技术对水稻土施用城市污泥盆栽通菜(Ipomoea aquatic)后土壤中6种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物(PAEs)进行分析.结果表明,盆载通菜土壤中6种PAEs的总含量(∑PAEs)在7.667-40.025 mg/kg之间,平均为26.137 mg/kg,其高低次序为佛山污泥>广州污泥>佛山污泥加化肥>广州污泥+化肥>空白>化肥.与空白对照相比,施用污泥和污泥+化肥处理的土壤中∑PAEs含量显著提高,但单施化肥的土壤中∑PAEs含量降低.不同处理土壤中的PAEs化合物是以一种或两种化合物为主,主要是DnBP和/或DEHP,显示了不同的PAEs分布特征.     

印钞行业废水中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物残留分析

建立了以HLB固相萃取柱和反相液相色谱法测定水体中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法,同时对印钞行业废水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素进行了测定,检出邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)一种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素。使用标准保留时间定性及实际水样加标定性两种定性方法,对实验结果进行了质量控制。结果表明,这两种定性方法所得结论完全一致,证明数据准确可信。